A cut and past.
1 - When the piston comes down far enough for the exhaust port to open, the burnt gases exit into the tuned pipe. As the gases reach the expanding part of the pipe they accelerate and draw more burnt gas out of the engine.
2 - As the piston continues down, the intake ports open and a fresh charge of gas enters above the piston and also helps push the BURNT gases out.
3 - The fresh charge has now pushed out the burnt gases AND some of the fresh charge has also gone through the exhaust port. NOW....The burnt gases have reached the rear of the tuned pipe and a pressure wave is reflected back toward the exhaust port.
4 - The piston is now comeing back up and the intake ports are closed BUT the exhaust port is STILL OPEN. The pressure wave PUSHES some of the fresh charge (which had exited behind the burnt gases) BACK into the engine. This action SUPERCHARGES the engine from the exhaust side and enables the engine to provide more power.
For optimum performance, the reflective end of the tuned pipe must be at a particular distance from the engines exhaust port for each engines timeing and the type of fuel used. A tuned pipe is TUNED for a particular engine by adjusting the lenght of the exhaust header in order to get this critical distance just right.
For an engine to be pipe timed (able to benifit from a tuned pipe) the intake ports must be closed by the piston as it comes up BUT the exhaust port must still be open for a period of time before the piston continues on up and closes the exhaust port. The compression of the now supercharged fuel-air mixture begins and Wham-O, More Power!!.