There is a TON of misinformation in this thread. I started skimming the further I got in, but from what I've seen,
@Seandonato73 and
@31FordCoupe are the only ones giving enough information to get an accurate view of the process.
The following information is for buying from a dealer/store. Buying privately has other laws and is sometimes quite shady because most people don't really follow the laws it seems. It also will vary depending on the state. Here's a list to break that down a bit more.
https://lawcenter.giffords.org/gun-laws/policy-areas/gun-sales/waiting-periods/#:~:text=Permits to carry firearms in,Jersey, District of Columbia).
1. To walk into a store and buy a gun and leave with it the same day, you will need a concealed carry permit/concealed weapons license. The process of getting one involves having to go through a gun safety course (admittedly most of these courses are impossible to fail, and are kind of a joke). You will then be fingerprinted and have your fingerprints put into a national registry called the NICS. The
NICS is a national system that checks available records on persons who may be disqualified from receiving firearms. You then have a waiting period to get one (can take anywhere from 3 weeks to 6 months).
2. Assuming you have completed 1, you must also be a resident of that state, meaning your address on your license must be from the state you are buying the firearm in. If you are not a resident of that state, you can still purchase it, but you will have to have it mailed to a licensed firearm dealer in your home state. (For the gun people here, yes I know about neighboring states, but I'm trying to keep it applicable to more states.)
3. Even if you have a concealed carry permit, you will still be submitted to a background check via the NICS for every single firearm you purchase from any dealer/store. If you want to buy 2 guns at the same exact time, you will have to do 2 background checks.
4. ALL of this information only applies to basic firearms, up to and including semi-auto rates of fire. For any fully automatic or burst fire weapon (any weapon that fires more than 1 bullet per trigger pull), any silenced/suppressed weapon, any rifle/shotgun with a barrel length under the stated minimum (16" for rifles 18" for shotguns) you will need to go through a much lengthier process. You will need to purchase a "tax stamp" which is basically $200 fee for processing your Form 4 (paperwork needed to legally own one of the mentioned items). As of writing this post, the ATF estimates the return time on a Form 4 at 7 months.